A slur used to name the Jews who believed Jesus of Nazareth was Messiah. 

Refers primarily to the old covenant world of Israel and Judah, both in the land and scattered among the nations, under the curse of sin and death because of violation of the covenant. 

In new covenant Kosmos refers to the new heavens and earth of restored Israel and Judah in Christ which was birthed at the end of the old covenant in AD 70.

World is often used interchangeably with Land and God’s creation. Compare Matthew 24:21 (kosmou), Mark 13:29 (ktiseōs) and Luke 21:26 (oikoumenē).

Refers to descendants of Judah and residents of the southern kingdom of Judah, including Benjamin, Levi and those from other tribes who joined themselves to Judah after the division of the united kingdom of Israel. 

During the Babylonian exile of Judah the term Jews was used for the first time  in scripture as documented in the book of Esther and Daniel. The term is the used when Judah returned to the land during the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. 

Once in the book of Esther the term (Yahad) is used to refer to those who joined themselves to the Jews. 

By the time of Messiah and the Apostles the term is used to refer to descendants of those who were taken into exile, the remnant people of the first covenant. Jews lived in large numbers throughout Judah, Galilee and scattered among the nations including, but not limited to Babylon, Ethiopia, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Syria, Greece, Rome, Turkey and Macedonia. 

Refers to Greek-speaking people, usually Greek-speaking Jews or converts to Judaism, but also Israelite descendants who were Hellenised. 

Usually mistranslated as Gentiles, and misunderstood to be pagans or heathen non-Israelites. 

Refers to the ether where celestial bodies exist, which in Hebrew cosmology refers to the realm of God, embodied in the temple complex in Jerusalem during the first covenant and the heavenly temple in Messiah in the new covenant realm. During the last days of the first covenant the term is used interchangeably to refer to the passing of the old covenant and establishing of the new covenant in the eternal spirit realm. 

Refers primarily to the old covenant world of Israel and Judah, both in the land and scattered among the nations, under the curse of sin and death because of violation of the covenant. 

In new covenant Kosmos refers to the new heavens and earth of restored Israel and Judah in Christ which was birthed at the end of the old covenant in AD 70.

God’s creation is often used interchangeably with World and Land. Compare Matthew 24:21 (kosmou), Mark 13:29 (ktiseōs) and Luke 21:26 (oikoumenē).

A mistranslation of Nations. 

Refers primarily to the old covenant world of Israel and Judah, both in the land and scattered among the nations, under the curse of sin and death because of violation of the covenant. 

In new covenant Kosmos refers to the new heavens and earth of restored Israel and Judah in Christ which was birthed at the end of the old covenant in AD 70.

Land is often used interchangeably with World and God’s creation. Compare Matthew 24:21 (kosmou), Mark 13:29 (ktiseōs) and Luke 21:26 (oikoumenē).

Refers collectively to the twelves tribes of Israel until the time of Solomon. 

From the time of Jeroboam until the besieging of Samaria and exile into Assyria Israel refers mostly to the northern kingdom, and occasionally to the collective Israel and Judah. 

From the time of the Assyrian exile until the Christ Israel refers to Judah, the remnant of Israel. The term is used alongside Jews. 

From the time of Messiah and the Apostles Israel refers both to the Jews and the twelve tribes who had been scattered among the nations. The term is used largely in the context of the restoration of Israel into the united kingdom of God through the death and resurrection of Messiah ie. the new covenant. 

Refers to the tribes of Israel that were scattered among the nations. Usually used in the context of the restoration of Israel according to the prophets, in the gathering of the elect of Israel and Judah from every nation into the united kingdom of God through Messiah.

Usually mistranslated as Gentiles, and misunderstood to be pagans or heathen non-Israelites.